Government Medical College, Phulbani, Kandhama 2025-2026 Fees, Cut Off, Admission
The Government Medical College, Phulbani, Kandhama, is a newly inaugurated institution by Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi in June 2025. This 100-seat medical college, along with a 650-bed hospital, is a significant addition to the healthcare infrastructure of central Odisha, aiming to improve access to medical education and healthcare in the region and surrounding districts
College Details
College
Details
Name
Government Medical College & Hospital, Phulbani
Location
Phulbani, Kandhamal District, Odisha
Established
2024
Capacity
100 seats for the MBBS program
Associated hospital
650-bed hospital
Course Details
Course
Details
MBBS
5.5 years (including 1-year internship)
Eligibility criteria
National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG): You must appear and qualify for the NEET-UG exam, which is the mandatory entrance test for medical courses in India
You need to meet the NEET qualifying cutoff, but admission to government colleges generally requires significantly higher marks, often between 550 and 650, depending on the college.
After clearing NEET, you need to register for the counseling process on the OJEE website (ojee.nic.in)..
You will then participate in the counseling to secure a seat in the GMC, the new one in Phulbani, based on your rank and available seats.
Facilities provided
Medical College: A new 100-seat college for MBBS admissions to enhance medical education in the region.
650-Bed Hospital: A hospital with a significant bed capacity to serve the healthcare needs of the local and surrounding populations.
Regional Access: The facility serves not only Kandhamal but also neighboring districts such as Nayagarh, Boudh, and Kalahandi.
Improved Healthcare: The primary goal is to improve healthcare access and quality, especially in underserved areas of the state.
Reduced Travel: The establishment of this medical facility aims to reduce the need for patients to travel long distances to cities like Cuttack or Berhampur for advanced medical care.
Admission Process
You must appear for the NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test).
It is a national-level exam for MBBS admissions in India.
After NEET results, register on the Odisha Joint Entrance Examination (OJEE) website for state quota seats.
Top Government BHMS Colleges in Odisha | Courses, Fees & Admission 2025
Pursuing a bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery (BHMS) from a government institution in Odisha offers students a blend of quality education and affordability. Odisha is home to several esteemed government homeopathic medical colleges that have been instrumental in producing skilled homeopathic practitioners. This blog provides an in-depth look at the top government BHMS colleges in Odisha, detailing their courses, fee structures, admission processes, and more.
Understanding BHMS
The bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery is a 5.5-year undergraduate program, including a one-year mandatory internship. The curriculum encompasses subjects like anatomy, physiology, pathology, and homeopathic pharmacy, aiming to equip students with comprehensive knowledge in homeopathy.
Why Choose Government BHMS Colleges in Odisha?
Opting for BHMS government colleges in Odisha offers several advantages:
Affordability: Government colleges typically have lower tuition fees compared to private institutions.
Quality Education: These colleges are recognized by the Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH) and the Ministry of AYUSH.
Experienced Faculty: Students benefit from the guidance of seasoned educators and practitioners.
Clinical Exposure: Affiliated hospitals provide hands-on training and real-world experience.
Biju Patnaik Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital
Berhampur
1969
31
₹45,000
Admission Process for BHMS in Odisha (2025)
Admission to BHMS government colleges in Odisha is conducted through the NEET-UG examination. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
NEET-UG Examination: Candidates must appear for and qualify in the NEET-UG 2025 exam.
Counseling Registration: Qualified candidates should register for the Odisha AYUSH counseling process.
Choice Filling: Select preferred colleges and courses during the counseling process.
Seat Allotment: Based on NEET scores and preferences, seats are allotted.
Document Verification: Candidates must verify their documents at designated centers.
Admission Confirmation: Upon successful verification, candidates can confirm their admission by paying the requisite fees.
Eligibility Criteria
To be eligible for admission into BHMS government colleges in Odisha, candidates must:
Have completed 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English.
Secure a minimum of 50% marks in aggregate (40% for SC/ST/OBC candidates).
Be at least 17 years old as of December 31, 2025.
Qualify in the NEET-UG 2025 examination.
BHMS College in Odisha Cut-Off 2025 (Expected)
The BHMS college in Odisha cut-off varies annually based on factors like the number of applicants, seat availability, and NEET scores. For 2025, the expected NEET-UG cut-off percentiles are:
General Category: 50th percentile
SC/ST/OBC Categories: 40th percentile
General-PwD: 45th percentile
BHMS Colleges in Odisha Fees Structure
The fee structure for BHMS government colleges in Odisha is relatively affordable. Here’s a breakdown:
Dr. Abhin Chandra Homoeopathic Medical College: ₹10,000 per annum
Utkalmani Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital: ₹45,000 per annum
Odisha Medical College of Homoeopathy & Research: ₹45,000 per annum
Biju Patnaik Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital: ₹45,000 per annum
Career Prospects After BHMS
Graduates from top BHMS government colleges in Odisha have diverse career opportunities:
Clinical Practice: Start a private practice or work in government/private hospitals.
Higher Studies: Pursue MD in Homeopathy or other postgraduate courses.
Research: Engage in research projects in homeopathy and related fields.
Teaching: Join academic institutions as lecturers or professors.
Public Health Sector: Work with NGOs or government health departments.
Personalized Counseling: Guidance based on individual profiles and preferences.
Admission Assistance: Support throughout the application and counseling process.
Documentation Support: Help in preparing and verifying necessary documents.
Post-Admission Services: Assistance with hostel accommodations and other necessities.
Choosing to pursue a bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery from a government institution in Odisha is a commendable decision for aspiring homeopathic practitioners. With affordable fees, quality education, and promising career prospects, these colleges provide an excellent foundation for a successful career in homeopathy. For personalized guidance and support, Radical Education is here to assist you every step of the way.
BHMS stands for bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery. It is a 5.5-year undergraduate degree in the field of homeopathic medicine, which includes 4.5 years of academic study and a 1-year compulsory internship. Unlike MBBS, which focuses on allopathic medicine, BHMS emphasizes natural healing and alternative medicine through the principles of homeopathy.
Top Private BHMS Colleges in Odisha | Courses, Fees & Admission 2025
Are you planning to pursue a bachelor of homoeopathic medicine and surgery in Odisha? With the rising demand for holistic healthcare and natural treatment methods, private BHMS colleges in Odisha are becoming popular choices for students seeking quality education in homeopathy.
In this blog, Radical Education brings you a detailed overview of the top private BHMS colleges in Odisha, along with information on courses offered, fee structure, and admission process for 2025. Whether you’re looking for colleges with affordable fees or those with a strong academic reputation, we’ve got you covered.
What is BHMS?
BHMS (Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery) is a five-and-a-half-year undergraduate course that includes one year of compulsory internship. It trains students in the principles of homeopathy to diagnose and treat patients using natural remedies.
Why Study BHMS in Odisha?
Odisha is home to several reputed private institutions offering BHMS programs. Here’s why many students prefer to study in Odisha:
Availability of well-recognized private BHMS colleges in Odisha
Affordable tuition and living expenses
Peaceful and student-friendly environment
Recognized by Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) and Ministry of AYUSH
The BHMS college in Odisha cut-off for 2025 will be based on NEET scores and may vary according to college and category. For general category candidates, the expected range for private colleges is:
General Category: 250–400 marks
OBC: 200–350 marks
SC/ST: 150–300 marks
These are expected values based on previous years. Cut-offs for individual colleges may differ slightly, and students are advised to consult Radical Education for updated counselling support.
Career Opportunities After BHMS
After completing your bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery, you can pursue a range of career options such as:
Clinical practice in private or government clinics
Teaching in homeopathic colleges
Research in homeopathy and holistic medicine
Hospital administration and health consultancy
Post-graduate studies like MD (Homeopathy)
Public health and community medicine roles
BHMS graduates can also work in wellness centers, NGOs, and pharmaceutical companies that focus on natural and herbal products.
Why Choose Radical Education?
Radical Education is a trusted consultancy helping students get admission to top private BHMS colleges in Odisha. Here’s how we support your journey:
Expert NEET counselling and college selection
Real-time updates on admission and cut-off
End-to-end admission support including documentation
One-on-one personalized guidance
Choosing the right college for your bachelor of homoeopathic medicine and surgery is the first step toward a rewarding medical career. With so many excellent options in Odisha, make sure to choose the one that aligns with your goals and budget. Radical Education is here to simplify the process and help you secure a seat in one of the top private BHMS colleges in Odisha.
BHMS stands for bachelor of homoeopathic medicine and surgery. It is a professional degree course for students interested in alternative medicine and holistic healing. The course is suitable for those who want to practice homeopathy and contribute to natural healthcare systems. It involves rigorous study of human anatomy, pathology, materia medica, and homeopathic philosophy.
The bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery course duration is 5.5 years. This includes 4.5 years of academic study and a 1-year compulsory internship where students get hands-on training under clinical supervision.
Yes, NEET UG is mandatory for admission into all AYUSH courses, including BHMS. Without NEET qualification, students cannot participate in the BHMS college in Odisha cut-off based counselling process. This rule is applicable for both government and private BHMS colleges in Odisha.
Top Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha: Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria & Fees
If students are looking to study Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) in Odisha, selecting the best college is imperative so here we are discussing about the Top Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha. There are top-notch Government BAMS colleges in Odisha that provide quality education, experienced teachers, and great infrastructure. Today we will discuss the best Government BAMS colleges in Odisha, their fee structure, admission process, and other important details on Radical Education.
Why Choose Odhisha for Government BAMS Colleges
Government BAMS colleges in Odisha offer quality education at low fees with high academic standards. Government BAMS colleges in Odisha are accredited by the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) and offer a well-designed course in Ayurvedic medicine and surgery. Some major advantages are:
Reasonable fee structure in comparison to private colleges.
Experienced faculties and equipped laboratories.
Hospital attachments for practical purposes.
Scholarship opportunities for deserving students.
Top Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha
Following is a list of the Top Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha that provide Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS):
1. Government Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Balangir
One of the most well-known Government Ayurvedic colleges in Odisha this college provides a 5.5-year BAMS course with an internship as a mandatory component. The college is equipped with a well-stocked library, state-of-the-art labs and a hospital for practical training.
Key Features:
Affiliation: NCISM & Odisha University of Health Sciences.
Affiliated with NCISM, this college is renowned for its research approach in Ayurvedic studies. The campus offers great academic and hostel facilities.
Situated in the capital city this college is one of the best options for students who want Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery in Odisha.
Key Features:
Affiliation: NCISM & Odisha University of Health Sciences.
Fees: ₹20,000 – ₹30,000 annually.
Facilities: Well-furnished labs and herbal garden.
4. Sushruta Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Berhampur
This college offers a comprehensive BAMS program with a strong emphasis on clinical practice.
Key Features:
Affiliation: NCISM & Berhampur University.
Fees: ₹25,000 – ₹35,000 per year.
Internship: 1-year compulsory internship in the attached hospital.
Fee Structure of Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha
Here is a well-structured table showcasing the fee structure including hostel fees of top Government BAMS colleges in Odisha:
College Name
Tuition Fee (Annual)
Hostel Fee (Annual)
Total Approx. Annual Cost
Government Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Balangir
₹25,000 – ₹30,000
₹15,000 – ₹20,000
₹40,000 – ₹50,000
Sri Sri University Ayurvedic College, Cuttack
₹30,000 – ₹40,000
₹20,000 – ₹25,000
₹50,000 – ₹65,000
KATS Ayurvedic College, Bhubaneswar
₹20,000 – ₹30,000
₹12,000 – ₹18,000
₹32,000 – ₹48,000
Sushruta Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Berhampur
₹25,000 – ₹35,000
₹15,000 – ₹20,000
₹40,000 – ₹55,000
Admission Process for BAMS in Odisha
To get admission in Top Government BAMS Colleges in Odisha candidates need to:
Qualify NEET-UG – Minimum qualifying marks are needed.
Register for Odisha Ayush Counselling – Organized by the Odisha government.
Choice Filling & Seat Allotment – As per NEET rank and choice.
Document Verification & Fee Payment – Last step for confirming admission.
Eligibility Criteria for Admission to Top Government BAMS colleges in Odisha
Here IS a detailed table outlining the eligibility criteria for admission to top Government BAMS colleges in Odisha:
Criteria
Requirement
Qualifying Exam
Must have passed 10+2 (or equivalent) with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) as core subjects.
Minimum Marks Required
General Category: 50% aggregate in PCB SC/ST/OBC: 40% aggregate in PCB
Age Limit
Minimum 17 years as of December 31 of the admission year. No upper age limit (as per NCISM guidelines).
Entrance Exam
Must qualify NEET-UG with the required cutoff.
Domicile Requirement
For state quota seats: Odisha domicile certificate required. All-India quota seats open to non-domicile students.
Additional Requirements
Valid NEET-UG scorecard, Odisha Ayush Counselling registration, Medical fitness certificate.
Career Prospects After BAMS
Students of BAMS colleges in Orissa are entitled to numerous career options, including:
Ayurvedic Doctor in private or government hospitals.
Research Associate in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical industries.
Lecturer at Ayurvedic colleges in Odisha.
Private Practitioner with own clinic.
Conclusion
At the last we concude that it is crucial to pick the appropriate Government BAMS college in Odisha for a prosperous Ayurvedic medicine career. With low BAMS colleges in Odisha fees, top-notch infrastructure, and good education, these colleges are the best place for budding Ayurvedic doctors.
Top Private BAMS Colleges in Odisha: Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria & Fees
If students are looking to study Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) in Odisha selecting the appropriate college is essential for your personal and professional development so here we are discussing about the Top Private BAMS Colleges in Odisha. Odisha has a number of highly recognized private BAMS colleges that provide superior education, world-class infrastructure and good career prospects in Ayurveda. Today we will discuss the Top Private BAMS colleges in Odisha, their fee structure, admission procedures and other important details on Radical Education.
Why Choose for BAMS in Odisha?
Odisha has some of the best Ayurvedic colleges in Odisha which provide a combination of ancient Ayurvedic practices and contemporary medical treatments. The state offers a favorable learning environment with experienced professors, well-managed laboratories, and ample clinical exposure. Choosing a private Ayurvedic college in Odisha provides quality education along with enhanced placement prospects.
List of Top Private BAMS Colleges in Odisha
Here is a well-structured table of the Top Private BAMS Colleges in Odisha with key details:
– 15% seats reserved for All India quota – 85% seats for Odisha domicile holders
Medical Fitness
– Certificate from registered medical practitioner required – Must meet AYUSH medical standards
Additional Documents
– Aadhaar card – Caste certificate (if applicable) – Income certificate (for EWS quota)
Career Opportunities After BAMS
Students graduating from Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery courses have wide-ranging career opportunities, including:
Ayurvedic Doctor in government or private hospitals
Research & Development in Ayurvedic medicine
Academician in Ayurvedic colleges
Private Practice as an Ayurvedic consultant
Pharmaceutical Industry in Ayurvedic drug production
Conclusion
At the lats we conclude that selecting the appropriate private BAMS college in Odisha is a crucial milestone towards a prosperous career in Ayurveda. Colleges such as Sri Sri University, KIIT, and Gangadhar Meher University are renowned for their academic excellence and all-round training. By cross-checking BAMS colleges in Odisha fees, infrastructure, and placement statistics, students can make an informed choice.
Top Private Medical Colleges in Odisha: Courses, Fees, and Admission Process
Odisha is home to several reputed institutions that offer quality medical education. Many students choose private medical colleges in Odisha for their modern infrastructure, experienced faculty, and advanced clinical training. With increasing competition, securing admission to medical colleges in Odisha requires qualifying NEET.
The demand for top private medical colleges in Odisha is growing as they provide excellent academic programs and hands-on medical experience. These institutions play a vital role in shaping future healthcare professionals.
This guide covers the best top medical colleges in Odisha, their courses, fees, and admission process. For expert guidance, Radical Education helps students navigate their medical career journey.
List of Top Private Medical Colleges in Odisha
Odisha has several reputed institutions that provide quality medical education. Many students prefer private medical colleges in Odisha due to their excellent infrastructure, experienced faculty, and advanced medical training. These institutions offer MBBS and postgraduate courses, ensuring that students receive comprehensive medical education.
When selecting among the top private medical colleges in Odisha, factors such as accreditation, hospital facilities, and placement opportunities play a crucial role. With the increasing demand for healthcare professionals, pursuing a degree from one of the best medical colleges in Odisha can open doors to promising career opportunities.
Top Private Medical Colleges in Odisha:
S.No
Name Of Colleges
Detail Overview
1
Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar
These top private medical colleges in Odisha are known for producing skilled doctors who contribute significantly to the healthcare sector. Selecting the right college can be challenging, but expert guidance from Radical Education can help students make informed decisions for a successful medical career.
Courses Offered by Private Medical Colleges in Odisha
Students aspiring to pursue a career in medicine have several options when it comes to private medical colleges in Odisha. These institutions offer a variety of undergraduate, postgraduate, and diploma courses designed to provide comprehensive medical training. Studying at one of the top private medical colleges in Odisha ensures quality education, practical exposure, and career growth in the healthcare sector.
Undergraduate Courses:
MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) – The most sought-after medical degree offered by medical colleges in Odisha. It includes theoretical learning and practical training in hospitals.
Postgraduate Courses (MD/MS):
MD (Doctor of Medicine) – Available in various specializations like General Medicine, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Pathology.
MS (Master of Surgery) – Focuses on surgical fields such as Orthopedics, ENT, and General Surgery.
Super-Specialty Courses:
DM (Doctorate of Medicine) – Advanced training in fields like Cardiology and Neurology.
MCh (Master of Chirurgiae) – Specialized surgical training in disciplines such as Neurosurgery and Urology.
Diploma and Certificate Programs:
Many top medical colleges in Odisha also offer diploma and certification programs in medical and paramedical fields to enhance specialized skills.
With a wide range of courses available, choosing the right program can be overwhelming. Radical Education provides expert counseling to help students select the best course and college for a successful medical career.
Admission Process for Private Medical Colleges in Odisha
Getting admission into private medical colleges in Odisha requires candidates to meet specific eligibility criteria and qualify through national-level entrance exams. With an increasing number of aspirants, the competition for seats in private medical colleges in odisha for mbbs has become intense. Understanding the admission process is crucial for securing a seat in one of the best medical colleges in Odisha.
1. Eligibility Criteria
Candidates must have completed 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as core subjects.
A minimum of 50% marks (40% for reserved categories) is required in the qualifying exam.
Age limit: Applicants must be at least 17 years old at the time of admission.
2. Entrance Exam Requirement
NEET-UG is mandatory for MBBS admissions in all top medical colleges in Odisha.
For PG courses, candidates must qualify for NEET-PG.
3. Counseling and Seat Allotment
Admissions to private medical colleges in Odisha are conducted through centralized counseling based on NEET scores.
The Odisha Joint Entrance Examination (OJEE) and Medical Counseling Committee (MCC) facilitate the seat allotment process.
4. Direct Admission and Management Quota
Some top private medical colleges in Odisha offer limited seats under the management quota.
Students can secure admission through direct application, subject to eligibility and availability.
Navigating the admission process can be challenging. Radical Education assists students with expert counseling, ensuring a smooth admission journey into the best private medical colleges in Odisha.
Fee Structure of Private Medical Colleges in Odisha
Pursuing a medical degree can be expensive, and understanding the cost of education is essential for aspiring students. The fee structure in private medical colleges in Odisha varies based on factors such as college reputation, facilities, and course type. Students aiming to study in top private medical colleges in Odisha must plan their finances accordingly to cover tuition fees, hostel charges, and other expenses.
1. MBBS Fee Structure
The tuition fees for MBBS programs in medical colleges in Odisha generally range from ₹10 lakh to ₹20 lakh per year, depending on the institution. Some top medical colleges in Odisha may charge higher fees for advanced infrastructure and clinical training.
2. PG (MD/MS) Fee Structure
Postgraduate courses such as MD and MS have varying fees, typically between ₹12 lakh to ₹30 lakh per year, based on specialization and college ranking.
3. Additional Expenses
Hostel and accommodation fees – ₹1 lakh to ₹2.5 lakh per year
Laboratory and clinical charges – ₹50,000 to ₹1 lakh per year
Miscellaneous fees (library, examination, etc.) – ₹20,000 to ₹50,000 per year
4. Scholarships and Financial Assistance
Many private medical colleges in odisha for mbbs offer scholarships for meritorious students and financial aid options to support economically weaker candidates.
Understanding the total cost of education is crucial for making an informed decision. Radical Education helps students explore the best financial options and find the right top private medical colleges in Odisha that suit their budget.
Infrastructure and Facilities in Private Medical Colleges
The quality of education in private medical colleges in Odisha depends significantly on the infrastructure and facilities provided. Modern amenities, advanced laboratories, and well-equipped hospitals ensure that students receive hands-on training, preparing them for a successful medical career. Many top private medical colleges in Odisha focus on providing a comprehensive learning environment with state-of-the-art technology.
1. Campus and Academic Facilities
Spacious classrooms with digital learning tools
Well-stocked medical libraries with access to research journals
Advanced laboratories for anatomy, pathology, microbiology, and biochemistry
2. Hospital and Clinical Training
Affiliated hospitals with high patient inflow for practical exposure
Well-equipped operation theaters and intensive care units
Specialized departments for hands-on training in various medical fields
3. Hostel and Accommodation
Separate hostel facilities for boys and girls
Comfortable rooms with essential amenities like Wi-Fi and security
In-house mess and cafeteria providing hygienic food
4. Research and Innovation Centers
Dedicated research labs for medical advancements
Encouragement for participation in national and international conferences
5. Extracurricular and Student Support Services
Sports complexes, gymnasiums, and recreational centers
Career counseling and placement assistance for medical graduates
Choosing the right college with top-tier facilities is essential for a fulfilling educational experience. Radical Education helps students select the best medical colleges in Odisha that provide excellent infrastructure and learning opportunities.
Why Choose Radical Education for MBBS Admission Guidance?
Securing admission in private medical colleges in Odisha can be a challenging process due to high competition and complex procedures. Radical Education simplifies this journey by providing expert guidance and personalized assistance. With years of experience in medical admissions, we help students get into the top private medical colleges in Odisha with ease.
1. Expert Counseling and Career Guidance
Assistance in choosing the best medical colleges in Odisha based on academic performance and preferences
Personalized counseling sessions to help students make informed decisions
2. NEET Preparation and Admission Assistance
Guidance on NEET score requirements for top medical colleges in Odisha
Support in document verification and application submission
3. Direct Admission and Management Quota Support
Assistance in securing seats under management quota in reputed private medical colleges in Odisha
Complete transparency in the admission process
4. Financial Planning and Scholarship Assistance
Information on fee structures of top private medical colleges in Odisha
Help in applying for scholarships and financial aid programs
5. End-to-End Support
Assistance from application to enrollment in the best medical colleges in Odisha
Continued guidance throughout the academic journey
With Radical Education, students can navigate the admission process confidently and secure a seat in the private medical colleges in odisha for mbbs. Our expert team ensures a hassle-free experience, helping you achieve your dream of becoming a doctor.
Admission to medical colleges in Odisha is based on NEET-UG scores. After qualifying NEET, students must participate in the counseling process conducted by MCC and OJEE for seat allotment.
The MBBS fees in top private medical colleges in Odisha range from ₹10 lakh to ₹20 lakh per year. Postgraduate (MD/MS) programs may cost between ₹12 lakh and ₹30 lakh per year. Additional expenses include hostel, clinical, and miscellaneous fees.
